• Men with obstructive azoospermia (sperm is produced but blocked).
• Cases where sperm is available but not released in semen.
Procedure: Performed under local anesthesia; a needle is inserted directly into the testis, and tissue is aspirated.
Advantages:
•Quick and less invasive.
•Minimal recovery time.
•Can be done as an outpatient procedure.
Limitations:
•Lower sperm retrieval success in non-obstructive azoospermia.
•Might require multiple attempts if sperm is not found.
TESA uses a fine needle to aspirate sperm from the testis, while Micro-TESE is a microsurgical procedure that uses a microscope to carefully locate and extract sperm-producing areas.
TESA is best for men with obstructive azoospermia, where sperm is produced normally but blocked from being released in semen.
TESA: High success in obstructive cases.
Micro-TESE: Better success in severe male infertility and NOA, with 40–60% retrieval chances.
Both are safe. TESA is less invasive and usually done under local anesthesia. Micro-TESE is more detailed, performed under anesthesia, and may require a slightly longer recovery.
Yes, ICSI is considered safe and widely practiced worldwide. Studies show that babies born through ICSI are generally as healthy as those conceived naturally or via IVF.
Yes ✅. Retrieved sperm can be frozen (cryopreserved) for future IVF/ICSI cycles.